How is Cleopatras infinite variety reflected Essay Example for Free

How is Cleopatras infinite variety reflected Essay How is Cleopatras infinite variety reflected in the language that she uses? In your answer you should include detailed reference to at least 2 passages from the play. Throughout the play many sides of Cleopatra are shown, this suggests she is constantly masking her true feelings, this ability shows her as a good queen of Egypt, but also a stubborn, yet scared person. The first passage I will refer to is Act I, Scene 1, where Antony and Cleopatra are happy and flirtatious. Here Cleopatra is portrayed as a flirtatious and dominant character, almost like a femme fatale with her use of language suggesting this via words and statements such as If it be love indeed, tell me how much, Hear the ambassadors, these two statements are direct and dominant, she tells Antony to do these things rather than asking him. Also, the way she talks about love in this manner shows her as independent and strong. In this scene she also teases and manipulates Antony with her talk of Fulvia, his wife, and Caesars hold over him, this is encouraging him to write them off and declare his loyalty to her, as he seems to be doing with his statement Let Rome in Tiber melt, and the wide arch of the rangd Empire fall: here is my space. Although this scene shows Antony and Cleopatras love, it also shows Cleopatras strong will and manipulation skills, as can be seen on many occasions throughout the play. Another side to Cleopatra is seen in Act III, Scene 11, where she has abandoned Antony at sea, and is now apologizing to him. In this scene, I feel her true feelings start to show through, especially through her language used; Oh lord, my lord, forgive my fearful sails here she is calling Antony lord, so talking of him highly, yet putting herself down by insinuating her and her navy are fearful, so basically, weak. Her reference to Antony as My lord the second time round is significant as it shows her fear of losing him because of her actions. Overall, Cleopatra does not say much in this scene, showing her shame and sorrow at the situation she is in. When she does speak she is very apologetic and says very little, especially in comparison to Antonys long speeches. Her final words in this scene say it all; Pardon, pardon. In these two scenes Cleopatras variety of personalities are shown through these two polar facades, in one she speaks a lot, is dominant, demanding and manipulative, in the other, she says very little, is apologetic almost to the stage of begging, and speaks to Antony with respect. This seeming role reversal between Antony and Cleopatra is seen a number of times throughout the play, in accordance with the events occurring in the plot. Another variety of Cleopatra is shown in Act III, Scene13, where she is deliberately masking her true thoughts and feelings in order to fool Caesars man Thidias. She is playing her cards very close to her chest by flattering Caesar and his men, asking questions about him rather than talking about herself and talking of the past rather than the present; Say to great CaesarI kiss his conquering hand: tell him I am prompt to lay my crown at his feet this shows her sweet-talking Caesars messenger and also shows her signaling to him that she will go along with Caesars words. Cleopatra asks for the messengers name, this is a change from her usual abrupt way with messengers, showing her flattery to make him think that she cares what him name is and also stalls the conversation to give her time to think. She talks of the past by bringing up Caesars father, whom she was with before Antony. She talks of him fondly, suggesting she still cares for Caesars father, and in turn, Caesar and Rome also. In two of these three scenes Cleopatra is able to mask her feelings completely, with her use of language being sophisticated enough to manipulate two powerful men. In all three scenes she is seen in a different light, almost like it were three different characters. Shakespeare keeps the audience intrigued by these changes, and shows Antony and Cleopatras relationship advancing, and also different characters roles and personalities, through Cleopatra and the other characters language. Cleopatras language is very clever, showing a surface meaning that could be completely different when looked at on a deeper level, this close textual analysis allows me to see what her true feelings were, in comparison to these masked emotions that are portrayed to the other characters. This could be Shakespeares way of pre-empting the tragic end and other major events in the play.

The History of Alcatraz Essay -- American America History

The History of Alcatraz INTRODUCTION Alcatraz is an island that is 22 acres and according to geologists it is a drowned mountain peak and is made up of mostly rock and dirt. The island itself is a part of a cluster of islands that are in the San Francisco Bay area. The island's name came from a Spanish explorer, Lt. Juan Manual de Ayala, and the ship's pilot, Jose de Canizarer, on August 12, 1775. He called it La Isla de los Alcatraces, in English is Island of the Pelicans. Alcatraz is just the singular form of Alcatraces. The owners of the island have changed three times in its history. First Spain owned it until 1822, then Mexico won its independence and claimed ownership and finally in 1846 Mexico/California went to war and it then became the property of the United States. On the day of November 6, 1850, President Millard Filmore agreed to make Alcatraz official government property. It was to be turned into a fortification to protect the city from hostile vessels and the reason for putting it there was because it was on an island in the middle of the bay- very strategic. There would be two batteries on both ends of the island along with a two-story brick wall that would enclose all of it. Inside there would be soldiers' barracks, guard houses, powder magazines, and warehouses that would be the backbone of Alcatraz. The official day of opening of Alcatraz was in December of 1859 and it had two purposes, one of fortification and another of a prison. The prison was there for military members that committed various crimes. The prison had about 15 - 50 prisoners there, but they were not all military, some were local citizens and politicians who committed crimes of varying degrees. The idea of having a prison on an is... ...aying that any land that was in surplus would be theirs. Then the City of San Francisco wanted the island so they could destroy what was one their and start commercial development. However, that did not happen because there were to many protestors about saving Alcatraz. Then there was of period of 4 or 5 years of many proposals about what to do but in 1972 it was decided to turn it into the Golden Gate National Recreation Area. Alcatraz was now open to the public and today you can go down and get on a tour to see where some of the U.S. most famous criminals stayed. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www.geocities.com/~marguerite_b/ http://alcatraz.san-francisco.ca.us/ http://www.sf50.com/alcatraz/ http://library.thinkquest.org/21109/alcatraz/index.htm "Alcatraz." The World Book Encyclopedia. 94 ed. 1994. "Alcatraz." Encyclopedia Britannica. 15th edition. 1985.

An Evaluation of Pip, and His Great Expectations Essay

In the year 1860, author Charles Dicken’s began his thirteenth novel, Great Expectations. The work is a coming-of-age novel, which tells the life story of an orphan boy named Pip, who much like Dickens’ in his earlier years is unhappy with his current life. A number of Charles Dickens’ personal life events are mirrored in the novel, leaving Great Expectations to be one of his most autobiographical works. Young Pip, the protagonist of the novel is stuck living in the marsh country, he is working a job that he hates, and considers himself to be too good for his current surroundings, much like Dickens’ did when he was younger. While working on Great Expectations, Dickens’ made weekly installments to the novel, leading it to be one of his most well structured works. Great Expectations is a novel which develops a number of different themes as the story progresses, with the primary theme being personal growth and ambition. The story tells us that morals s uch as affection, loyalty and conscience are much more important in reality than social-class, social advancement, and wealth. The protagonist, Pip, is destined to learn this lesson through his ‘great expectations’, as he explores different ideas of ambition and self-improvement. Great Expectations is a convincing tale told in the perspective of an orphan named Pip, who tells his realistic life story from the very beginning of his ‘great expectations’, which all began one evening when he had a strange encounter with an escaped convict in a cemetery, while he was looking at the tombstones of his parents. This mysterious stranger ordered young Pip to bring him food and a file to break loose the shackle on his leg. If Pip does not comply, the strangers promises to murder him. After bringing the convict food and an iron the next day, Pip finds out that the convict has been arrested, and the mysterious criminal has protected Pip by telling the authorities that he stole the food himself. Some time after this event took place, a lawyer by the name of Jaggers appears in the marsh country that Pip lives in, and he comes with strange news: a strange benefactor has given young Pip a large fortune, and Pip must leave his life of being a blacksmith at the for ge behind in order to go to London with Jaggers and become a gentleman, and get his education. During his time in London, Pip discovers many truths about his life, the mysterious benefactor, and his past. A man from the country marsh named Orlick who is the polar-opposite of Pip reappears in his life, and is dead set on ruining it, as well as hopefully killing him. The reader is kept guessing what will happen with Orlick and Pip as the story progresses, as well as who Pip’s mysterious benefactor is. Dickens’ managed to make Great Expectations and interesting read, but a rather dull journey lacking any sort of excitement. Instead of having any sort of surprise throughout Great Expectations, the author simply gives answers to questions asked and created throughout the story, none in which intrigue the readers. The end holds no real surprise, and the novel ultimately ends up being just a message to the readers, saying that money and living in a good social class is not important in comparison to family, friends, and happiness. There are a number of events throughout that story that are irrelevant to everything, such as Pip and his friend Herbert end up being in debt. The debt has absolutely no negative or positive effect on the story, but is only a bit of filler throughout one of the chapters. The main character of Great Expectations, Pip, is the most guilt-ridden character in the novel, he has no prejudice. His most noticeable and crucial characteristics are his naturally good conscience, and his immature glory of romance. Pip eventually faces an internal conflict once he better understands the reality behind poverty and immorality, he decides that he wants to achieve as much as possible. Because of this, Pip puts his life at the marsh country behind him, he abandons the people who care for him the most, and goes to London where he becomes a gentleman. In London, Pip views his past actions very negatively, and very seldom does he ever give himself credit for good deeds he has done in the past. As a gentleman, Pip starts to act as he always imagined a gentleman would, this adds to him treating his family poorly. Many of the characters throughout the story do not seem to be very realistic, it is almost as if they were meant to come across as being quite fictional. Estella is an unrealistically ‘cold’ character, who has zero feelings for anybody or any living thing. She has absolutely no ability to express emotions to the extent that it seems completely unreal.Despite this, Estella almost does come across as being quite sympathetic for her being the way she is. She warns Pip regularly that she has â€Å"no heart†, and strongly urges him to love somebody else, for she is not good for his wellbeing and happiness. At the end of the novel, however, Estella finally begins to feel like as though she is out of Miss Havisham’s control, and is finally her own person, as she tells Pip, â€Å"Suffering has been stronger than all other teaching. . . I have been bent and broken, but – I hope – into a better shape.† Miss Havisham is the most unrealistic character in Great Expectations, she lives in a rotted mansion, and has not removed her wedding dress in over ten years. Miss Havisham has stopped every clock i n her mansion at twenty minutes to nine, and refuses to ever know what time it is, whether it be day or night. Great Expectations takes place in the 19th century, the main character, Pip, is born in England in the 1800’s and is telling his story in the year 1860. The novel is set around the life of Pip, who is on a mission to meet his â€Å"great expectations†, whatever those may be, and to become a gentleman. His life story takes place both in the southeast marsh country of England, and eventually in London, England, where Pip lives as a gentleman. Great Expectations takes place during a very busy time for England, with the Industrial Revolution occurring, as well as the voidance of slavery in the British colonies during 1834. To the people, London is considered to be a prospering capital, and England is a powerful giant on the globe. However, the way Dickens’ depicts is quite the opposite of that. Pip’s hometown Kent, which resides near the marshlands is twenty miles away from the ocean, and the townsfolk can see the Thames River flow through it. Off in the distance of the marshland and ocean is where the convict ships dock, causing many criminals to lurk about the area. The setting is important because of the time period the story takes place, the economy is thriving and there is plenty of opportunity for money. The mood throughout the story feels rather empty, there is never much tension, never much pain, and never much happiness throughout Great Expectations. There are times throughout the novel when some places Pip travels to bring the mood to different levels, for example, Miss Havisham’s rotting mansion sets a darker mood on the tale, but shortly after when Pip is back in London, the story is back to the usual calm mood of Great Expectations. The story often goes through mood swings because of this. When certain characters come into the picture, they do hav e a slight effect on the atmosphere, though the atmosphere of the novel is usually made clear through Pip’s thoughts, as well as his actions. The year is 1860, Charles Dickens’ has just begun his thirteenth novel, the irritating tale of a young man named Pip, who has come across a large fortune of money, and decides to selfishly leave his family and loved ones behind in order to go to London, and be rich. As the novel progresses, Pip develops as a human being and learns many things, as well as beats himself up for his past. Throughout the ride, Pip comes across a great deal of many different people,such as a heartbroken old timer who grieves every day in her own self pity, a stone cold young lady who holds no love for any living thing, a criminal who has a strong sense of high values, and a lawyer who takes Pip under his wing to becoming a gentleman. Each character is unique in their own way, yet each continue to be uninteresting throughout the novel. Dickens’ not only presented the readers with a number of dull characters, but gave his audience a boring tale which ultimately holds no sort of significance in the end. While the novel is generally quite uninteresting, the setting of the novel is rather exciting as it takes place during the Industrial Revolution of England, however this is hardly noted in the novel, therefore putting readers in front of a rather empty, â€Å"too much like home† world, where the men work hard and the women stay at inside all day, the rich are greedy and the poor are struggling. Charles Dickens had a great idea with Great Expectations, but focused too much on other things as well throughout the story which ultimately helped lead it to become uninteresting and irritating to get through, at times there was too much going on in the novel, while at other times unnecessary events were taking place, which did not progress the story in any way whatsoever. Though the theme of Great Expectations exists, the end gives readers more of a relief that the book is finished, rather than leaving them in an intrigued state which Dickens seemed to have originally intended.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire - 1404 Words

The Fall of Rome The Fall of the Roman Empire, one of the greatest empires that human civilization has ever encountered, is viciously debated today among scholars all over the world. No one theory is the absolute truth as there are many fatal factors and mistakes that forged the collapse of this supreme civilization. Problems ranging from political instability, to different economic predicaments, to barbaric invasions, to imperialistic ideologies, the empire just became too complex for its own good and ultimately planted the seeds for its own ruin. However, after reaching its pinnacle in 120 A.D, the constant expansion of territory held the most weight when bringing the empire to its knees. The height of the Roman Empire in the first and second centuries was known as the pax Romana. Although it only lasted for a short while, during this period, the empire stretched a glorious 2.2 million square miles from England to modern day Iraq. From here spurred the imperial age of Rome. They be gan to expand so far east that they eventually came into contact with China. They had conquered so much land and controlled so many trade routes that the republic in Rome realistically could not govern it all. Messages could not be relayed quick enough to communicate between distant cities like Tarsus and Trapezus and the capital. Other holdings like Britain were too far away and could not recruit enough soldiers to defend the borders. Forces in Britain had to resort to building a 73 mile longShow MoreRelatedFall of the Roman Empire1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pax Romana was a two hundred year time period where the Romans had peace and prosperity under Augustus. The Roman empire started to decline at the end of the prevail of the last five emperors, Marcus Aurelius in 161-180 A.D. The rulers in the next century had no idea how to deal with the problems the empire was having. There was many reasons to the fall of the Roman Empire but three stood out the most. The preliminary reason was the economy begins to decline. The alternative reasoning was RomeRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1537 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Rome was an empire so dominant, wealthy and economically- stable which came to a dramatic fall in the period of 250AD- 500AD. Ancient Rome faced unexplained unfortunate events which crumbled the Great Empire from the affluent empire to a impoverished society. For centuries historians have timelessly theorised and analysed many debates and research in relation to the Fall of the Roman Empire. What really caused the predominate Roman Empire to fall? Did Rome fall naturally? Was disease, suchRead MoreFall of the Roman Empire758 Words   |  4 PagesTaylor Davino Professor Horsley HIS 126 3 March 2010 The fall of the Roman Empire Political, economic and social aspects were all involved in the fall of the Roman Empire. In 395 A.D., Rome was divided into two empires, with one capital in Rome and the other in Constantinople. During that time, the western Roman Empire was being invaded by barbarian tribes from the North. In 410, the Visigoth tribe succeeded in conquering the western capital in Rome. In 476, the western EmperorRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was a powerful governing body of extensive political and social structures throughout western civilization. How did this empire fall and were internal factories responsible? Slow occurrences in succession to one another led to the fall of the empire rather than one single event. The fall of the Roman Empire was a combination of both internal and external pressures, not just one, leading up to the complete decay of the cities—Rome and Constantinople. However, one could argue how oneRead MoreThe Fall Of Ro man Empire1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of Roman Empire Roman Empire was considered as one of the most influential and dominant Empire in the history that has ever existed. â€Å"The Roman Empire at its zenith in the period of the Principate (roughly, 27 BC to AD 235) covered vast tracts of three continents, Europe, Africa, and Asia† (Garnsey). It was an ancient, modern Empire, and it supported anyone who made discoveries and technological improvements. The Empire was the strongest governing body in the Mediterranean. If the RomanRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1440 Words   |  6 PagesSophie Loren Plays a Leading Role in the Fall of the Roman Empire? The reason for the fall of the Roman Empire is a controversial topic under much historical debate. How did such a great empire, known for being one of the largest that lasted over a millennium, fall? The Roman Empire transitioned from a republic to an empire in 31 BCE. Augustus Caesar was the first emperor. He created harmony in Rome, but not in calendars as he added August as the eighth month to follow July, which was named afterRead MoreFall of Roman Empire1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the Roman Empire The Ancient Roman empire was one of the most prominent and successful societies of its time period. By the end of their reign, the Romans had conquered almost all of the Mediterranean including parts of present day Europe, Asia, and Africa. Rome was at its strongest during the rule of Augustus Caesar, this time was known as the â€Å"Pax Romana† or Roman peace. It wasn’t until later, when Emperor Trajan took over in about 98 C.E. that the Empire reached its peak. AfterRead MoreThe Fall of the Roman Empire609 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fall of the Roman Empire There are adherents to single factors, but more people think Rome fell because of a combination of such factors as Christianity, and economy, and military problems. Even the rise of Islam is proposed as the reason for Romes fall, by some who think the Fall of Rome happened at Constantinople in the 15th Century. Most people think it occurred during the fifth century, after the western division of the empire. There were several reasons for the fall of the Roman EmpireRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was one of the most powerful empires in the history of mankind. In 476 CE Odoacer defeated Romulus Augustus to capture Rome; most historians agree that this was the official end of the Western Roman Empire. There is much debate on how exactly Rome declined and eventually fell. The fall of Rome was a long process that took place over many centuries. There are five main schools of thought on why Rome fell. First, Christianity, offered by Edward Gibbons; He suggests that ChristianityRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1495 Words   |  6 PagesFor a long period of time, the debate about the cause of the fall of the Roman Empire has been a popular topic amongst historians. Most of these historians look at the issue from a standpoint that accepts that there were most likely several causes. The main root of the issue is whether or not these causes were internal or external. Some historians even go more in depth and try to hypothesize what the internal or external causes were. In fact, Adrian Goldsworthy and Peter Heather do just this when

The Earths Core - Its Structure and Possible Composition

A century ago, science barely knew that the Earth even had a core. Today we are tantalized by the core and its connections with the rest of the planet. Indeed, were at the start of a golden age of core studies. The Cores Gross Shape We knew by the 1890s, from the way Earth responds to the gravity of the Sun and Moon, that the planet has a dense core, probably iron. In 1906 Richard Dixon Oldham found that earthquake waves move through the Earths center much slower than they do through the mantle around it—because the center is liquid. In 1936 Inge Lehmann reported that something reflects seismic waves from within the core. It became clear that the core consists of a thick shell of liquid iron—the outer core—with a smaller, solid inner core at its center. Its solid because at that depth the high pressure overcomes the effect of high temperature. In 2002 Miaki Ishii and Adam Dziewonski of Harvard University published evidence of an innermost inner core some 600 kilometers across. In 2008 Xiadong Song and Xinlei Sun proposed a different inner inner core about 1200 km across. Not much can be made of these ideas until others confirm the work. Whatever we learn raises new questions. The liquid iron must be the source of Earths geomagnetic field—  the geodynamo—but how does it work? Why does the geodynamo flip, switching magnetic north and south, over geologic time? What happens at the top of the core, where molten metal meets the rocky mantle? Answers began to emerge during the 1990s. Studying the Core Our main tool for core research has been earthquake waves, especially those from large events like the 2004 Sumatra quake. The ringing normal modes, which make the planet pulsate with the sort of motions you see in a large soap bubble, are useful for examining large-scale deep structure. But a big problem is nonuniqueness—any given piece of seismic evidence can be interpreted more than one way. A wave that penetrates the core also traverses the crust at least once and the mantle at least twice, so a feature in a seismogram may originate in several possible places. Many different pieces of data must be cross-checked. The barrier of nonuniqueness faded somewhat as we began to simulate the deep Earth in computers with realistic numbers, and as we reproduced high temperatures and pressures in the laboratory with the diamond-anvil cell. These tools (and length-of-day studies) have let us peer through the layers of the Earth until at last we can contemplate the core. What the Core Is Made Of Considering that the whole Earth on average consists of the same mixture of stuff we see elsewhere in the solar system, the core has to be iron metal along with some nickel. But its less dense than pure iron, so about 10 percent of the core must be something lighter. Ideas about what that light ingredient is have been evolving. Sulfur and oxygen have been candidates for a long time, and even hydrogen has been considered. Lately, there has been a rise of interest in silicon, as high-pressure experiments and simulations suggest that it may dissolve in molten iron better than we thought. Maybe more than one of these is down there. It takes a lot of ingenious reasoning and uncertain assumptions to propose any particular recipe—but the subject is not beyond all conjecture. Seismologists continue to probe the inner core. The cores eastern hemisphere appears to differ from the western hemisphere in the way the iron crystals are aligned. The problem is hard to attack because seismic waves have to go pretty much straight from an earthquake, right through the Earths center, to a seismograph. Events and machines that happen to be lined up just right are rare. And the effects are subtle. Core Dynamics In 1996, Xiadong Song and Paul Richards confirmed a prediction that the inner core rotates slightly faster than the rest of the Earth. The magnetic forces of the geodynamo seem to be responsible. Over geologic time, the inner core grows as the whole Earth cools. At the top of the outer core, iron crystals freeze out and rain into the inner core. At the base of the outer core, the iron freezes under pressure taking much of the nickel with it. The remaining liquid iron is lighter and rises. These rising and falling motions, interacting with geomagnetic forces, stir the whole outer core at a speed of 20 kilometers a year or so. The planet Mercury also has a large iron core and a magnetic field, though much weaker than Earths. Recent research hints that Mercurys core is rich in sulfur and that a similar freezing process stirs it, with iron snow falling and sulfur-enriched liquid rising. Core studies surged in 1996 when computer models by Gary Glatzmaier and Paul Roberts first reproduced the behavior of the geodynamo, including spontaneous reversals. Hollywood gave Glatzmaier an unexpected audience when it used his animations in the action movie The Core. Recent high-pressure lab work by Raymond Jeanloz, Ho-Kwang (David) Mao and others has given us hints about the core-mantle boundary, where liquid iron interacts with silicate rock. The experiments show that core and mantle materials undergo strong chemical reactions. This is the region where many think mantle plumes originate, rising to form places like the Hawaiian Islands chain, Yellowstone, Iceland, and other surface features. The more we learn about the core, the closer it becomes. PS: The small, close-knit group of core specialists all belong to the SEDI (Study of the Earths Deep Interior) group and read its Deep Earth Dialog newsletter. And they use the Special Bureau for the Cores website  as a central repository for geophysical and bibliographic data.

Role Of The European Women During The Colonial World

The role of the European woman in the colonial world was consistently complex and often varied. Their role was complex because the filled two roles, a physical role; a role which they directly carried out in the physical realm of the colonial world. This role included being a wife, daughter, missionary, nurse, and even that explore and writer in the rare instance. The second role that colonial women played in the colonial world was one not one of their choosing as Scott Cook explains, â€Å" All [women], however were subject to the legal and customary codes of conduct of a colonial milieu largely set by the male colonizers†. These legal and customary understandings were mainly based around the colonial males understanding of the colonial woman’s sexuality and the sexuality of the colonized male. European women were seen as both the â€Å" ‘bearers of the race, the vessels of their culture, and the ‘angels of the household†. They were also seen as ob jects of the colonized males lust, and as themselves being overly sexualized and at risk of succumbing to their urges. It was this second role, which served to hinder the access and impact of European women in the colonial world. Their role as a sexualized object, to be protected by their male counterparts was not one of their choosing and prevented them from gaining full access to the colonial realm. The male dominated discourse on the role of European women in the colonies hindered the European women’s ability to access and impactShow MoreRelatedThe Socio Political And Economic Effects Of Colonialism On African Women1290 Words   |  6 PagesThe ramifications of the socio-political and economic effects of colonialism on African women have stunted African development. The economic impact of colonial rule led to a further decrease in significance and power held by women in society. This is greatly linked to agriculture, in the form of land alienation. Women were seen as maj or food producers in countries such as Kenya, for example, the Kikuyu women, and had access and authority over the cultivation of crops and land. Integral to women’sRead MoreJewish Folk Dance As A Means Of Creating A New Israeli Culture1717 Words   |  7 PagesJewish people were forced out of ancient Israel and dispersed to various different nations. Anti-Semitism was one of the principle means for this colonization because it made it dangerous for Jewish people to express their own national identity in the European nations they dispersed to. As a result, certain traditions, like Jewish folk dance, which were not codified, were lost. Jewish folk dance also disappeared because folk traditions are strongly connected to the land in which they originated and theRead MorePotosi1599 Words   |  7 Pagesof Potosi in the colonial society? Discuss the importance of Potosà ­ as a mining center, large urban setting, and a land of opportunities for Europeans and Amerindians in the s ixteenth and seventeenth centuries. During the colonial period sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; Potosi was one of the most important and relevant regions in Latin America. Its importance was based on the great opportunities of mining, economic grow, land and jobs, etc that Potosà ­ offered at the colonial time. Though theRead MoreWomen s Influence On The Formation Of The New Land971 Words   |  4 Pagesconquers, captains, leaders, kings, and have left a print in history. On the other hand, women are depicted as weak and fragile, unable to fend for themselves. According to society women need a strong masculine man to protect and provide for them. What if I told all that could’ve been different in a new world where women and men could be free, own land, and practice any religion, would you go? Many European settlers fled England with hopes to break free from tradition. Breaking free from old traditionsRead MoreThe Different Impact Of Colonialism968 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical development. The colonizat ion of Africa played many roles when it came to the impact of Africans. Erik Gilbert, Jonathan Reynolds, A. Adu Boahen have addressed the impact and issues of Africa in books such as Africa in World History and African Perspectives on European Colonialism. The Scramble for Africa became such a big deal because there were many individuals involved such as Spain, Britain, Belgium, Italy, France, Europeans, Portugal, and Germany coming into Africa marking their territoryRead MoreEssay about Women in Latin America during the Colonization995 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Latin America during the Colonization The perception of inequality was evident in the colonial Spanish America, man belief that women were lacked in capacity to reason as soundly as men. A normal day for European women in the new world was generally characterized by male domination, for example marriage was arranged by the fathers, women never go out except to go church, women didn’t have the right to express their opinions about politic or society issues. Subsequent to all these bad treatsRead MoreColonialism and Oppression in the African Diaspora Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagesher moving 2006 memoir, Unbowed. Maathai explains that over the course of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Africa experienced a massive influx of white settlers. In an effort to solidify control over recently acquired colonies, many European powers had encouraged large numbers of their ethnically white citizens to make a new home on the African continent. As a result, thousands of native Africans were displaced. Maathaiâ €™s ancestors, the Kikuyu and Maasai peoples were among them. Read MoreThe Rise of the Anti-Slavery Movement in the US Essay867 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween white and black Americans is by the far the most complex and long standing issue. Beginning with first contact between white Europeans and Africans during the English colonial period, Africans were immediately labeled with terms including savage and heathen. During the Antebellum period, institution of chattel slavery in America certain ideas of what the black man’s role in society became widely known and accepted. Stereotype such as the Sambo, the Zip Coon, the Buck, and the Mammy, became veryRead MoreEthnic Conflicts And Its Effects On Post Colonial Societies1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world was dominated by European empires. In 1921, 84 percent of the earth’s surface had been colonised since the sixteenth century. There were as many as 168 colonies. By the 1960s, after years of fighting, most Western col onial territories had gained independence. The following decades showed how much the ghost of colonisation still loomed over post-colonial societies though. Around the world today, conflict is found in many areas that were once colonised or controlled by Western European powersRead MoreThe Conventional Narrative Accounting For The Demographic Diversity Of The Caribbean1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe newly established plantations and mines. This supply started with European migrants at first, but soon turned to West African slaves being imported into the colonies, and later from indentured servants imported from China and India. This narrative distorts a far more complex demographic evolution, and tends to overstate the power and agency of colonizing peoples from Europe, while framing the various ‘subordinate’ non-European peoples as either non-existent, or utterly lacking in agency of their

Projects To Efficiently Manage The Projects-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Projects To Efficiently Manage The Projects? Answer: Introduction Project Management refers to the discipline that allows the Project manager along with the leadership associated with the projects to efficiently manage the projects. There are principles, rules and guidelines that are covered under this discipline that assist the management in the overall project management and its business. The number of projects and the types of the projects that are carried out in the organizations may differ from each other. In order to manage the project as per the project factors, it is necessary to apply the accurate set of the guidelines and rules. There are project management methodologies that have been created in order to manage the projects and ensure that the project objectives are achieved (Kerzner, 2009). There are three different organizations that have been covered and the report includes the recommendation for these organizations in terms of the project management methodology that shall be applied. Project Management Methodology for Organization A The project management methodology that has been recommended for organization A is Projects In Controlled Environment (PRINCE2). The nature of business that the organization deals in to is financial services and sector. There are 80 employees that are associated with the organization and there are not many different locations that the business operates from. The organizational conditions and factors along with the nature of projects that it undertakes are reasons behind the selection of the project management methodology as PRINCE2 (Hedeman and Seegers, 2009). Project Management Activities and Implementation There are various project management methodologies that have been defined for the management of different types of the project. The select of the adequate project management methodology to be applied and implemented in the organizations shall be done to the senior management and leadership. There are various processes and methods that are involved in the project management such as, planning of the methodology, selection and implementation. The management must hold a discussion with the lower level managers, heads of the departments along with the operations staff members. However, the final selection and implementation shall be left with the senior management only. Implementation Plan PRINCE2 is the project management methodology that has been selected for the project. There are various steps that will be involved in the implementation of the methodology in the organization. The steps along with their description are listed below. The implementation of the project management methodology as PRINCE2 in the organization may have certain impacts on the projects and the business operations running in the organization. It will be necessary to secure the organizational information by creating the backups. The number of the projects running in the organization shall be included in the list of projects and the specific projects roles and activities shall be highlighted against every project. The current project status shall be specified against every project. There are various phases or stages that are present in case of the PRINCE2 methodology such as starting, directing, and controlling and many more. Similarly, every project will have its specific set of stages and phases. It will be necessary to map the projects stages with the PRINCE2 stages so that a strategic alignment is developed (Randolph, 2013). The identification and the assessment of the specific project risks along with their likelihood and impact must be analyzed. Similarly, the project conflicts and disputes shall be studied. The management shall carry out reviews and inspections to make sure that the implementation process is adequately done. The status reports on the implementation process shall be submitted to the organizations CEO on a weekly basis. Issues and Challenges The implementation process may be poorly affected due to the absence of any standards. Management of the changes that will be introduced with the decision to implement PRINCE2 may be difficult. There may be adverse impacts on the implementation process due to the presence of an unskilled Project Manager (Muller and Turner, 2007). Implementation of all of the activities at once may lead to failures. Countermeasures to the Issues The organizational policies shall be reviewed and the set of best practices shall be identified before carrying on with the implementation process. A change management plan shall be created in advance to manage all of the changes. An analysis of the skills of the project manager along with the mapping of the same with the required set of skills for the project shall be done. A phased approach shall be used for the implementation of the PRINCE2 methodology in the organization. Benefits of PRINCE2 to the Organization The methodology is widely recognized in the market which would allow the organization to have increased business (OLeary, 2009). There are no separate tools and equipment that are required for the implementation of PRINCE2 in the organization. There will not be any issues associated with compatibility and integration which would make the implementation process easier. PRINCE2 methodology involves a lot of documentation. This will assist the organization in the execution of the projects in the future as well. The risks that will be associated with the projects will be managed easily so that the project objectives and goals are met. Project Management Methodology for Organization B Organization B is a company that has its area of business in the building society and there are around 600 employees that are currently associated with the organization. As a result, the number of projects that are handled by the organization along with the risk areas that may be associated with each of these projects will be high. Due to enhanced number of risks that may come up and the nature of business, the recommended project management methodology for the organization is Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). Project Management Activities and Implementation The implementation of PMBOK in the organization will involve a lot many project management activities. These activities shall be handled and executed by the internal team in the organization comprising of the Project Managers of every project, heads of the department, CEO of the organization along with the board of the directors. (Pmi, 2013). The CEO and the board of the directors must provide the necessary approvals and the activities associated with selection and planning, analysis and implementation shall be carried out by the rest of the members in the internal team. Implementation Plan The implementation of PMBOK in the organization will comprise of many different activities and steps. These are as listed below. As a first step, there shall be an implementation schedule that shall be designed which shall list down all the activities along with the respective dates on which the implementation process shall be carried out. The rest of the estimates and parameters associated with the projects shall be studied which shall include the budget of the project along with the scope and details of the team members. There shall be five phases that shall be used and must be present in the implementation of the PMBOK methodology in the organization. Initiation Phase: In this phase, the internal team must carry out a feasibility study on the implementation of PMBOK in the organization and must present a charter for the same. Planning Phase: The estimates regarding the implementation process along with the risk areas shall be identified in this area (Mirza, Pourzolfaghar and Shahnazari, 2013). Execution Phase: The methodology shall be communicated to the projects and its implementation shall be done across all the project activities and operations. Control Phase: The internal team must carry out reviews and inspections in order to control the process of implementation and highlight the specific deviations. Closure Phase: The entire set of activities covered during the process of implementation must be documented in a formal report and shall be submitted to the CEO and the board of directors. The employees of the organization must provide their feedback on the changes and modifications. Issues and Challenges The number of steps and phases that are involved in PMBOK are a lot many. Implementation of such processes in case of small projects may not be easy. With the involvement of an unskilled Project Manager, the process of implementation may not be completed successfully. There is a lot of accountability on the Project Manager in case of PMBOK which may suffer due to unskilled manager. The future projects may not be able to gain reference from the PMBOK methodology as there is lesser documentation that is involved in the projects that are managed by PMBOK. Countermeasures to the Issues Most of the projects in the sector of Building Societies are huge and long-term. There will be lesser chances of the execution of any short-term or smaller project by the organization. In case of a small project, the Business management must form s strategic alignment in advance and must also carry out a feasibility analysis in advance. The selection of the project managers shall be done adequately on the basis of their respective managerial, technical and operational skills sets and knowledge. There shall be documentation done separately at the organizational level and the same shall be made available and accessible to the employees of the organization (Kock, Heising and Gemunden, 2016). Benefits of PMBOK to the Organization There are various knowledge areas that are associated with the project management methodology as PMBOK. It is because of this reason that the projects will be managed from every single area and will cover all the possible risks and concern areas. The management and handling of the problems, issues, conflicts, disputes and risks that will be associated with the project will be reduced. The business units often look to expand and enhance the number of customers along with the projects that are associated with such units. The same may happen in case of the organization B as well. These processes and expansion of the organization will be made easy with the aid of the involvement of PMBOK in the organization. The implementation of PMBOK in the organizations will make sure that the standard sets of practices are followed. It will also make sure that the ethical and professional codes of conduct are followed. Project Management Methodology for Organization C Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) is being used in the Organization C that has its line of business as technical services and solutions. The numbers of employees that are engaged with the organization are 1200. There have been many changes and transformations that have taken place in the area of technology in the recent years and it is estimated that such changes will take place for a longer period of time. There are various projects that the organization is currently executing which are small, medium and large scale projects. Due to the nature of business of the organization along with the set of activities that are carried out, it is essential that the project management methodology that is applied in this case is flexible and has the ability to adapt to the project factors that are associated with each of the projects. After analyzing all of the project features along with the organization structure, it has been recommended that PMBOK is the project management methodology that shall be used and implemented in this case. Project Management Activities and Implementation PMBOK is a project management methodology that is flexible and adaptable in nature. There are different phases that are associated with the PMBOK methodology that can be enhanced as per the specific elements of the projects. Also, in the case of organization C, there is a great involvement of the customers in the organization. The primary motive of the organization is to keep its customers satisfied and to maintain utmost levels of transparency with the customers. It is due to this reason that the entities that shall be associated with the execution and completion of PMBOK related activities in the organization shall include the senior management along with the customers associated with the projects. The customers shall be informed about the methodology and their feedback shall be obtained. Implementation Plan The implementation plan that has been defined for the organization has been created as per the organization requirements and needs along with the project factors. In the first step, the implementation team must obtain the vision and mission of the organization and shall also collect the project goals and objectives of each of the projects associated with the organization. All of this information shall be studied and analyzed and a strategic alignment between the organization and all these projects shall be created for successful implementation of the methodology. There shall be an identification measure that shall be carried out to understand the existing management activities being carried out along with the effort that will be required for the implementation of PMBOK. The specific efforts that would be necessary to be applied by each of the project team and the Project Manager shall also be calculated. The implementation of PMBOK in the organization will be done in five different phases as initiation, planning, execution, control and closure. A work breakdown structure shall be created to identify these activities and the sub-activities that will be involved and will be executed in every stage. It shall then determine the time and effort that will be necessary and the implementation process shall begin. There are certain sets of organizational policies and practices that are required to be followed along with the set of regulations and legal policies. All of these rules and guidelines must be defined and the implementation team must adhere to the same during the implementation of PMBOK in the organization (Peslak, 2012). Once the initial round of the implementation process is carried out, a feedback shall be obtained from the customers and the operational staff members of the organization. The comments that are received in the feedback process shall be integrated and the final implementation round shall be executed. A final report shall be presented and submitted to the senior management as the final step. Issues and Challenges Implementation of the PMBOK processes in case of small projects may not be easy. Due to the number of steps and phases that are involved. PMBOK is a methodology that lays a lot of responsibility and accountability on the Project Managers that are assigned too every project. The implementation of this methodology in the organization will also be highly dependent upon the skills of the Project Manager. Due to the lack of the documentation in case of PMBOK, the future projects may not be able to gain references and lessons from the projects that will be executed by the company. Countermeasures to the Issues There are various projects that will be carried out by the organization that may be small scale, medium or large scale projects. In order to gain benefits from the PMBOK methodology in case of small scale projects, it will be required to define the strategies and plans in advance and the feasibility study shall also be executed in advance. The Project Managers that will be assigned to the projects carried out by the organization must be done on the basis of the specific project needs and the skill set of the manager in the areas of management and technology. An external team shall be deployed for carrying out the documentation in the projects so that the future projects executed in the organization may take advantage from the mistakes in the past (Greenburger, 2016). Benefits of PMBOK to the Organization The customer will be contacted at frequent intervals in this case. This will enhance the customer engagement and trust in the process and the quality of the project results and deliverables will also improve. This is due to the reason that the customer feedback will be incorporated and the risks associated with the projects will be handled in a better manner (Ayiri and Kudzanayi, 2017). The probability of the risks will also come down as the risks will be known in advance and the adequate prevention and control measures will be taken. The performance of the organization will improve as the quality of the deliverables will improve and the project objectives will be met successfully. The implementation of PMBOK in the organizations will make sure that the standard sets of practices are followed. It will also make sure that the ethical and professional codes of conduct are followed. The business units often look to expand and enhance the number of customers along with the projects that are associated with such units. The same may happen in case of the organization C as well. These processes and expansion of the organization will be made easy with the aid of the involvement of PMBOK in the organization. The levels of employee satisfaction along with the customer satisfaction will also improve. Conclusion The projects that are carried out in the organizations are made up of different elements and components. There are various human and non-human resources that are associated with the projects and also there are varied requirements that are also required to be accomplished in the projects. It is because of the involvement of so many different entities that the need for project management methodologies was felt by the organizations. There are different management methodologies that may be selected and applied in the projects on the basis of the project factors and elements. In the report, there are organizations A, B and C that have been analyzed and the project management methodologies recommended to these organizations are PRINCE2, PMBOK and PMBOK respectively. The recommendation has been provided on the basis of the organization structure, number of employees, operational areas, nature of business and several other factors. The implementation of these methodologies in the organizatio ns will ensure that their goals and objectives are met and the success rate associated with the projects is also improved. References Ayiri, G. and Kudzanayi, G. (2017). Embracing Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to Improve Organisational Viability by Small Businesses in Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(01), pp.50-54. Greenberger, L. (2016). Effective Communications for Project Success. Remediation Journal, 26(2), pp.121-128. Hedeman, B. and Seegers, R. (2009). PRINCE2 2009 Edition A Pocker Guide. [online] Available at: https://www.vanharen.net/Samplefiles/9789087535445_prince2-edition-2009-a-pocket-guide.pdf [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling. [online] Available at: https://honestyets.pbworks.com/f/Project+Management+-+A+Systems+Approach+-+10thEd.pdf [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. 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Available at: https://www.pmi.org/pmbok-guide-standards/foundational/pmbok [Accessed 12 Sep. 2017]. Randolph, S. (2013). Projects and Complexity. Project Management Journal, 44(3), pp.e2-e2.